Factors Associated with the Decline of Basic Motor and Physical Capacities in Adolescents

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed the physical activity habits of children and adolescents. Confinement, prolonged use of technological devices, parental fear associated with social insecurity, and the reduction of Physical Education hours limited opportunities for regular movement. This article analyzes the deterioration of conditional and motor physical capacities in Ecuadorian adolescents aged 15 to 17, based on results obtained before and after the pandemic. The study followed a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-comparative approach with a longitudinal component. Explosive speed, speed endurance, standing long jump, and general aerobic endurance tests were considered in adolescents from sports and educational institutions in Manabí, Los Ríos, and Guayas. The results show decreases in speed, endurance, jumping power, and aerobic capacity during the post-pandemic period. It is concluded that reduced school and extracurricular physical practice, combined with sedentary behavior and social insecurity, negatively affected adolescents’ physical development. Therefore, strengthening school, recreational, and sports programs that promote active and healthy lifestyles is recommended.