Resumen
Este estudio examina la relación dinámica entre el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo del transporte en Ecuador, considerando que ambos sectores presentan interacciones temporales complejas que requieren un enfoque riguroso para su análisis. El objetivo principal es determinar el grado y la dirección de influencia entre el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) y el valor agregado bruto del sector transporte, utilizando series temporales anuales expresadas en miles de dólares constantes para el periodo 2000–2022. La metodología empleada se basa en la estimación de un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) y la aplicación de pruebas de causalidad de Granger, lo que permite captar las interdependencias entre las variables sin imponer relaciones estructurales a priori. Los resultados indican que existe una relación bidireccional entre el crecimiento económico y el transporte, aunque con una intensidad asimétrica. El PIB influye significativamente y de forma inmediata sobre el transporte, mientras que el impacto de este último sobre el crecimiento es más gradual y se acumula en el mediano plazo. La descomposición de varianza refuerza esta diferencia, al mostrar una mayor contribución del PIB en la explicación de los errores de predicción del transporte. Se concluye que el sector transporte, más allá de su función operativa, desempeña un papel estructural en la economía nacional, por lo que las políticas públicas deben considerar su integración estratégica con los objetivos macroeconómicos de largo plazo.Citas
Alotaibi, S., Quddus, M., Morton, C., & Imprialou, M. (2022). Transport investment, railway accessibility and their dynamic impacts on regional economic growth. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 43, 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100702
Banco Central del Ecuador. (2025). Banco Central del Ecuador. https://www.bce.fin.ec/estadisticas-economicas/
Bose, E., Hravnak, M., & Sereika, S. (2017). Vector autoregressive models and granger causality in time series analysis in nursing research. Nursing Research, 66(1), 12-19.
Capurro, E. (2020). Impacto económico de la logística en el Ecuador y su afectación en la pandemia. Dominio de las ciencias, 6(4), 1610-1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.23857/dc.v6i3.1571
Carbo, J., & Graham, D. (2020). Quantifying the impacts of air transportation on economic productivity: a quasi-experimental causal analysis. Economics of Transportation, 24, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2020.100195
Cedillo, L., & Campuzano, J. (2024). Análisis probabilístico de la segmentación de créditos en la provincia El OroEcuador. INNOVA Research Journal, 9(1), 35-51. doi:https://doi.org/10.33890/innova.v9.n1.2024.2309
Chen, A., Li, Y., Ye, K., Nie, T., & Liu, R. (2021). Does transport infrastructure inequality matter for economic growth? Evidence from China. Land, 10, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080874
Cueva, L., & Jácome, H. (2024). Productividad laboral del sector de servicios y crecimiento económico en Ecuador. Problemas del desarrollo, 55(216), 113-139. https://doi.org/10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2024.216.70085
Drachal, K. (2021). Forecasting crude oil real prices with averaging time-varying VAR models. Resources Policy, 74, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102244
Fratila, A., Gavril, I., Nita, S., & Hrebenciuc, A. (2021). The importance of maritime transport for economic growth in the European Union: A panel data analysis. Sustainability, 13(14), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147961
Haque, Z., & Schramm, H.-J. (2018). The impacts of port infrastructure and logistics performance on economic growth: the mediating role of seaborne trade. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 3(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-018-0027-0
He, G., Xie, Y., & Zhang, B. (2020). Expressways, GDP, and the environment: The case of China. Journal of Development Economics, 145, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102485
Karlsson, S., Mazur, S., & Nguyen, H. (2023). Vector autoregression models with skewness and heavy tails. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 146, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2022.104580
Magazzino, C., & Mele¸Marco. (2021). On the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic development in China. Research in Transportation Economics, 88, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100947
Maziarz, M. (2015). A review of the Granger-causality fallacy. The Journal of Philosophical Economics, 8(2), 85-105. Obtenido de https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/229894
Meersman, H., & Nazemzadeh, M. (2017). The contribution of transport infrastructure to economic activity: The case of Belgium. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 5, 316-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2017.03.009
Odhiambo, N. (2021). Trade openness and energy consumption in sub-Saharan African countries: A multivariate panel Granger causality test. Energy Reports, 7, 7083-7089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.103
Peralta, F. (2020). Sustentabilidad y transporte desde un enfoque de jerarquización para la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California. Estudios demográficos y urbanos, 35(1), 215-242. https://doi.org/10.24201/edu.v35i1.1920
Quintero, J., & Quintero, L. (2015). El transporte sostenible y su papel en el desarrollo del medio ambiente urbano. Revista Ingeniería y Región, 14(2), 87-97.
Raihan, A., Voumik, L., Akter, S., Rahim, A., Fahlevi, M., Aljuaid, M., & Sebastián, S. (2024). Taking flight: Exploring the relationship between air transport and Malaysian economic growth. Journal of Air Transport Management, 115, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2024.102540
Rehermann, F., & Pablo, M. (2018). Economic growth and transport energy consumption in the Latin American. Energy Policy, 122, 518-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.006
Rossi, B., & Wang, Y. (2019). Vector autoregressive-based Granger causality test in the presence of instabilities. The Stata Journal, 19(4), 883-899. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X19893631
Saidi, S., Shahbaz, M., & Akhtar, P. (2018). The long-run relationships between transport energy consumption, transport infrastructure, and economic growth in MENA countries. Transportation Research Part A, 111, 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.013
Toda, H., & Phillips, P. (2007). Vector autoregression and causality: a theoretical overview and simulation study. Econometric Reviews, 13(2), 259-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/07474939408800286
Troster, V. (2016). Testing for Granger-causality in quantiles. Econometric Reviews, 37(8), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2016.1172400
Volpe, C., Carballo, J., & Cusolito, A. (2017). Roads, exports and employment: Evidence from a developing country. Journal of Development Economics, 125, 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.10.002
Wan, G., Wang, X., Zhang, R., & Zhang, X. (2022). The impact of road infrastructure on economic circulation: Market expansion and input cost saving. Economic Modelling, 112, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105854
Wu, C., Zhang, N., & Xu¸Liwen. (2021). Travelers on the Railway: An economic growth model of the effects of railway transportation infrastructure on consumption and sustainable economic growth. Sustainability, 13, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126863
Yang, X., & Khan, I. (2022). Dynamics among economic growth, urbanization, and environmental sustainability in IEA countries: the role of industry value-added. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 4116-4127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16000-z
Yetkiner, H., & Beyzatlar, M. (2020). The Granger-causality between wealth and transportation: A panel data approach. Transport Policy, 97, 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.004
Y?ld?r?m, S. (2021). The impacts of transportation sector and unemployment on economic growth: evidence from asymmetric causality. En B. Ad?güzel, (ed.). Handbook of Research on Emerging Theories, Models, and Applications of Financial Econometrics (pp. 267-285). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54108-8_11
Zhang, J. (2021). Production performance forecasting method based on multivariate time series and vector autoregressive machine learning model for waterflooding reservoirs. Petroleum exploration and development, 48(1), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(21)60016-2
Zhang, Y., & Cheng, L. (2023). The role of transport infrastructure in economic growth: Empirical evidence in the UK. Transport Policy, 133, 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.01.017

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Luis Cedillo-Chalaco, Sandra Sayonara Solorzano, René Romero-Solano, René Calero-Córdova