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Resumo
Promover um envelhecimento saudável constitui uma estratégia de prevenção com impacto positivo tanto na saúde dos idosos quanto no sistema de saúde. As quedas representam a principal causa de lesões nessa população e geram elevada carga econômica e assistencial. Avaliar a associação entre composição corporal, estado nutricional e risco de quedas em idosos residentes de áreas rurais do Equador. Estudo transversal realizado entre 2022 e 2023 com idosos de 65 anos ou mais, recrutados mediante amostragem não probabilística por conveniência em centros de atenção primária e programas comunitários de paróquias rurais da província de Azuay, Equador. Foram incluídos residentes permanentes capazes de fornecer consentimento informado. Foram excluídas pessoas com comprometimento cognitivo grave, deficiências que impedissem a avaliação por bioimpedanciometria ou doença aguda. Participaram 316 idosos (idade média 74,3 ± 7,6 anos; intervalo 65–95 anos), dos quais 217 (68,7%) eram mulheres. Dos 316 participantes, 85 (26,9%) apresentaram risco alto de quedas, 58 (18,4%) risco moderado e 171 (54,1%) risco baixo. O estado nutricional foi o preditor independente mais importante da pontuação de Tinetti no modelo global (? = ?0,339; p < 0,001), em mulheres (? = ?0,360; p < 0,001) e em homens (? = ?0,308; p = 0,004). O IMC também foi preditor significativo no modelo global (? = ?0,176; p = 0,005) e em mulheres (? = ?0,223; p = 0,001), mas não em homens. O estado nutricional e o IMC são os principais preditores modificáveis do risco de quedas em idosos rurais equatorianos, especialmente em mulheres. Intervenções voltadas à prevenção da desnutrição e do excesso de peso deveriam ser incorporadas aos protocolos de prevenção de quedas na atenção primária rural.
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