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O presente trabalho analisa a relação entre o levantamento de pesos, a falha muscular e o aumento da massa muscular por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura publicada entre 2020 e 2025. A falha muscular foi definida como o ponto em que não é possível completar uma repetição mantendo a técnica adequada, distinguindo-se entre falha concêntrica e excêntrica. A hipertrofia muscular, entendida como o aumento do tamanho das fibras musculares, baseia-se em mecanismos como tensão mecânica, estresse metabólico e dano muscular. Os resultados mostram que a falha muscular não é indispensável para alcançar adaptações hipertróficas, uma vez que os ganhos são semelhantes quando se treina até a falha ou antes de atingi-la, desde que seja mantido o volume adequado de treinamento. Apenas com cargas muito baixas observou-se um benefício pontual da falha, embora este não se tenha mantido com cargas altas. Por outro lado, treinar até a falha gera maior fadiga, deterioração técnica e risco de lesões, o que pode afetar a recuperação e a sustentabilidade do treinamento a longo prazo. Conclui-se que variáveis como volume total, intensidade, qualidade das repetições e progressão são mais determinantes do que a falha muscular. A falha muscular pode ser utilizada como ferramenta estratégica, mas o treinamento próximo ao limite (com repetições em reserva) é igualmente eficaz e mais seguro.
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