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La obesidad sarcopénica es un síndrome geriátrico caracterizado por la coexistencia de exceso de tejido adiposo y disminución de la masa y función muscular. Esta condición se asocia con alteraciones de la composición corporal, deterioro funcional, fragilidad y mayor riesgo de caídas, constituyendo un importante problema de salud pública en la población adulta mayor, especialmente en comunidades rurales. Evaluar el impacto de la obesidad sarcopénica sobre la composición corporal, el desempeño funcional y el riesgo de caída en adultos mayores residentes en comunidades rurales del Ecuador. Estudio observacional de corte transversal en 316 adultos mayores (?65 años) residentes en comunidades rurales del Ecuador. Los participantes fueron clasificados, según los criterios ESPEN/EASO, en obesidad sarcopénica, sarcopenia no obesa, no sarcopenia obesa y no sarcopenia no obesa. Se evaluó la composición corporal mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica, la fuerza de prensión manual, la velocidad de marcha y el riesgo de caída mediante el Test de Tinetti. El análisis estadístico incluyó ANOVA de un factor y pruebas post hoc (p<0,05). La prevalencia de obesidad sarcopénica fue del 2,5% (n=8). Este grupo presentó el mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (50,59±9,59%), la menor masa muscular esquelética (13,06±4,79 kg) y una tasa metabólica basal significativamente reducida (940 kcal/día). La dependencia funcional fue mayor en los grupos con sarcopenia no obesa y no sarcopenia obesa (p=.043). El 37,5% del grupo con obesidad sarcopénica presentó alto riesgo de caída frente al 21% del grupo no sarcopénico no obeso (p=.095).La obesidad sarcopénica se asocia con una composición corporal desfavorable y mayor compromiso funcional en adultos mayores de comunidades rurales ecuatorianas. La evaluación de la composición corporal, complementaria al índice de masa corporal, puede favorecer la detección temprana y orientar intervenciones para preservar la funcionalidad y promover un envejecimiento saludable.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Dennis Manuel Japón Robles, Rosa Veronica Sumba Portilla, Rodrigo Salvador Puma Quito